Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.
杰瑞米·边沁
功利主义伦理学说的创始人和代表人物

杰瑞米·边沁(Jeremy Bentham)是西方系统的功利主义伦理学说的创始人和代表人物,也是一位在英国近代具有显著影响的哲学家和法律改革家。

万物有本然,终不为他者。

Everything is what it is, and not another thing.

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自然界和道德世界是人类理性关注的双重对象。

The natural and moral world is the two-fold object of man's rational care.

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但没有这种自由,即随心所欲地支配我们所愿的一切。

But there is no such liberty as the power to dispose of what we please.

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道德戒律是完美的戒律。

Moral Precepts are precepts of perfection.

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要像上帝一样,并追随祂,是理性生物的事业和幸福。

To be like God, and to follow after Him, is the business and happiness of rational creatures.

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可能的原因,我不知道为什么,但我观察到了它。

Probable reason, I know not how it is, but I have observed it.

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按照我们的本性行事就是美德。

To act agreeably to our nature is virtue.

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因此,自爱是行动的必要原则。

Self-love, then, is a necessary principle of action.

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每个人都是自己最大的敌人,仿佛是自己的凶手。

Every man is his own greatest enemy, and as it were his own murderer.

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幸福不在于自爱。

Happiness does not consist in self-love.

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Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.

大自然将人类置于两位至高无上的主宰之下,痛苦和快乐。

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It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.

最多人的最大幸福是衡量对与错的标准。

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The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?

问题不是,它们能否思考?也不是,它们能否言语?而是,它们能否受苦?

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The principle of asceticism never was, nor ever can be, consistently pursued by any living creature.

禁欲主义原则从来没有被任何生物一贯坚持过,也永远不会被如此坚持。

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It is the greatest good to the greatest number of people which is the measure of right and wrong.

对最多人的最大利益是衡量对与错的标准。

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Pleasures, then, and the avoidance of pains, are the ends that the legislator has in view.

因此,乐趣和避免痛苦是立法者所考虑的目标。

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The community is a fictitious body, composed of the individual persons who are considered as constituting as it were its members.

社会是一个虚构的团体,由被视为其成员的个人构成。

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The greatest happiness which can happen to any country is the taking of the supreme power out of the hands of the governing few and putting it into the hands of the governed many.

对于任何国家来说,最大的幸福是将最高权力从少数统治者手中收回,交到众多被统治者手中。

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The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.

事实是,最多人的最大幸福是衡量对与错的标准。

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Every law is an infraction of liberty.

每一条法律都是对自由的侵犯。

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It is vain to talk of the interest of the community, without understanding what is the interest of the individual.

谈论社区的利益而不了解个人的利益是徒劳的。

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