The great and chief end, therefore, of men's uniting into commonwealths and putting themselves under government is the preservation of their property.
约翰·洛克
英国最早的经验主义者之一

约翰·洛克(John Locke,1632年8月29日 - 1704年10月28日)是英国哲学家和医生,被广泛认为是最有影响力的一个启蒙思想家和俗称“自由主义”之父。认为是英国最早的经验主义者之一,按照弗朗西斯·培根爵士的传统,他对社会契约论同样重要。他的工作极大地影响了认识论和政治哲学的发展。他的著作影响了伏尔泰和让·雅克·卢梭(Jean-Jacques Rousseau),许多苏格兰启蒙思想家以及美国革命者。他对古典共和主义和自由主义理论的贡献反映在《美国独立宣言》中。

New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common.

新观点总是被怀疑和通常反对,原因只是因为它们尚未变得普遍。

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Education begins the gentleman, but reading, good company and reflection must finish him.

教育培养绅士,但阅读、良好的伴侣和思考才能完成他。

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The business of education is not to make the young perfect in any one of the sciences, but so to open and dispose their minds as may make them capable of any, when they shall apply themselves to it.

教育的目的不是使年轻人在任何一门科学上都变得完美,而是要打开和培养他们的思维,使他们在将来学习任何科学时都能胜任。

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Every man has a property in his own person.This nobody has a right to, but himself.

每个人都对自己的身体拥有所有权,没有人有权支配他,除了他自己。

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All mankind...being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.

全人类...都是平等和独立的,没有人应该侵犯他人的生命、健康、自由或财产。

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The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that...no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.

自然状态有一种自然法规来管理它,这使每个人都有义务,而这种法则就是理性,它教导所有愿意咨询它的人...没有人应该侵犯他人的生命、健康、自由或财产。

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The improvement of understanding is for two ends: first, our own increase of knowledge; secondly, to enable us to deliver that knowledge to others.

理解的提高有两个目标:首先,我们自己的知识增长;其次,使我们能够将这些知识传递给他人。

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The legislative cannot transfer the power of making laws to any other hands, for it being but a delegated power from the people, they who have it cannot pass it over to others.

立法机构不能将立法权移交给其他人,因为它只是从人民那里授权来的,拥有立法权的人不能将其转让给他人。

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The church has no power to enforce obedience, neither have any laws they made for that purpose, any binding force on anyone, but by his own consent.

教会没有强制服从的权力,他们为此制定的法律对任何人都没有约束力,除非经过他的自愿同意。

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Freedom of men under government is to have a standing rule to live by, common to everyone, and not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, arbitrary will of another man.

政府下的人的自由是拥有一个普遍适用的常规生活准则,而不受另一个人的多变、不确定和武断意愿的支配。

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The great and chief end, therefore, of men's uniting into commonwealths and putting themselves under government is the preservation of their property.

因此,人们联合成立共和国、置身于政府之下的伟大和主要目的是保护他们的财产。

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Freedom of speech is the great bulwark of liberty; they prosper and die together.

言论自由是自由的重要堡垒;它们共同繁荣和共同消亡。

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In transgressing the law of nature, the offender declares himself to live by another rule than that of reason and common equity.

违反自然法的人宣称自己遵循的是理性和公平之外的规则。

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There is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of the law and in the name of justice.

没有比在法律的庇护下、以正义之名实施的暴政更大的暴政。

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To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them.

要真正伟大,必须与人民站在一起,而不是凌驾于他们之上。

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In a state where corruption abounds, laws must be very numerous.

在一个腐败横行的国家,法律必须非常繁多。

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Laws that have not their basis in nature are useless.

没有以自然为基础的法律是无用的。

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An empire founded by war has to maintain itself by war.

以战争建立的帝国必须通过战争来维护自身。

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The tyranny of a prince in an oligarchy is not so dangerous to the public welfare as the apathy of a citizen in a democracy.

在寡头政治中的国王的暴政对公共福祉的威胁不如在民主国家中公民的冷漠。

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Liberty is the right of doing whatever laws permit.

自由是法律允许的一切权利。

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The severe morals of the early Romans produced a race of men who were neither superstitiously devout nor philosophically skeptical.

早期罗马人的严格道德观念培养了一代既不过于虔诚也不过于怀疑的人。

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