What is learned is not movements but meanings.

学到的不是动作，而是意义。

The essence of learning is the acquisition of meanings.

学习的本质是意义的获得。

Behavior is not just a response to a stimulus, but is guided by expectations and purposes.

行为不仅仅是对刺激的反应，而是由期望和目的引导的。

The rat in the maze is not just learning a series of turns, but is building up a cognitive map of the whole situation.

迷宫中的老鼠不仅仅是在学习一系列转弯，而是在构建整个情境的认知地图。

The cognitive map is not a picture or a model in the head, but a dynamic, changing representation of the environment.

认知地图不是头脑中的一幅图或模型，而是环境的动态变化表征。

Purposive behavior in animals and men.

动物和人类的有目的行为。

The stimuli which are allowed in are not connected by just simple one-to-one switches to the outgoing responses.

允许进入的刺激并不是通过简单的一对一开关与输出反应相连的。

The organism learns not only what to do but also what leads to what.

有机体不仅学会做什么，还学会什么导致什么。

Learning consists in the modification of certain mediating processes which operate between the stimulus and the response.

学习在于改变介于刺激和反应之间的某些中介过程。

Behavior, as such, is not to be regarded as a mere chain of muscular contractions, but rather as a purposive and cognitive affair.

行为不应被视为仅仅是肌肉收缩的链条，而应被视为有目的和认知的活动。