「The central issue of economic history and of economic development is to account for the evolution of political and economic institutions that create an economic environment that induces increasing productivity.」- 道格拉斯·诺斯经典语录

The central issue of economic history and of economic development is to account for the evolution of political and economic institutions that create an economic environment that induces increasing productivity.

道格拉斯·诺斯

💡 解读：经济史和经济发展的核心问题是解释政治和经济制度的演变，这些制度创造了一个诱导生产率提高的经济环境。

👤 更多道格拉斯·诺斯经典语录 9句

The inability of societies to develop effective, low-cost enforcement of contracts is the most important source of both historical stagnation and contemporary underdevelopment in the Third World.

道格拉斯·诺斯

Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction.

道格拉斯·诺斯

Economic growth occurs when the existing constraints are altered in such a way as to permit more efficient organization of economic activity.

道格拉斯·诺斯

Economic growth occurs when the existing constraints are altered in such a way as to permit the entrepreneur to undertake new forms of productive activity.

道格拉斯·诺斯

The process of economic change is overwhelmingly path dependent.

道格拉斯·诺斯

The incentives that shape the direction of economic activity are a function of the institutional framework.

道格拉斯·诺斯

The history of the economy is largely a story of institutional evolution.

道格拉斯·诺斯

The key to economic performance is the adaptive efficiency of institutions.

道格拉斯·诺斯

Economic growth occurs when the existing constraints are loosened, allowing individuals to pursue opportunities that were previously unavailable.

道格拉斯·诺斯

李娟

但愿同入梦。

琼瑶

悲伤就是知识

拜伦

表面看起来糟糕的事，本质上却往往并非如此。

塞涅卡

我绝不坚信这个时代没有放之四海而皆准的正义和良善的价值观，它们不仅仅有，而且不是朝令夕改流动无常的，它们是稳定而永恒的。

亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴

我们根本没想到要怀疑或轻视“历史的启示”；历史就是我们的一切。

恩格斯

奇花与丽日争妍，翠竹共青天斗碧。

吴承恩

大家礼义教子弟，小家凶恶训儿郎。

周希陶

人人为我，我为人人。

列宁

真理就是自由人的祖国。真理不存在于丑化了的现实里。生命的第一个行动就是创造的行动。在争论中是不分高贵卑鄙，也不管称号姓氏的，重要的只是真理，在它面前人人平等。

罗曼·罗兰

40句相邻名言

The Great Depression was not a failure of markets but a failure of policy.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

The public interest theory of regulation holds that regulation is supplied in response to the demand of the public for the correction of inefficient or inequitable market practices.

乔治·斯蒂格勒

市场结构与产业组织理论先驱

Competition is a tough weed, not a delicate flower.

乔治·斯蒂格勒

市场结构与产业组织理论先驱

The degree of market failure is not a sufficient condition for government intervention.

乔治·斯蒂格勒

市场结构与产业组织理论先驱

The scientist is not content to stop with the obvious.

乔治·斯蒂格勒

市场结构与产业组织理论先驱

The most important single central fact about a free market is that no exchange takes place unless both parties benefit.

乔治·斯蒂格勒

市场结构与产业组织理论先驱

The degree of market failure is never zero, but neither is the degree of government failure.

乔治·斯蒂格勒

市场结构与产业组织理论先驱

The point is that the effects of government spending depend on the state of the economy.

保罗·克鲁格曼

国际贸易与经济地理学权威

The point is that the effects of government policies that alter incentives—whether through taxes, subsidies, or regulation—are often very different from what the proponents of those policies claim.

保罗·克鲁格曼

国际贸易与经济地理学权威

If you want people to do something, make it easy.

理查德·塞勒

行为经济学奠基人之一

The key to nudge is to make the desired behavior more salient, easier, and more attractive.

理查德·塞勒

行为经济学奠基人之一

People are not dumb. The world is hard.

理查德·塞勒

行为经济学奠基人之一

The key to Nudge is to make the right choice the easy choice.

理查德·塞勒

行为经济学奠基人之一

Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

The history of the economy is largely a story of institutional evolution.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

The incentives that shape the direction of economic activity are a function of the institutional framework.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

Economic growth occurs when the existing constraints are altered in such a way as to permit more efficient organization of economic activity.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

The key to economic performance is the adaptive efficiency of institutions.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

The inability of societies to develop effective, low-cost enforcement of contracts is the most important source of both historical stagnation and contemporary underdevelopment in the Third World.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

Economic growth occurs when the existing constraints are loosened, allowing individuals to pursue opportunities that were previously unavailable.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

Economic growth occurs when the existing constraints are altered in such a way as to permit the entrepreneur to undertake new forms of productive activity.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

The process of economic change is overwhelmingly path dependent.

道格拉斯·诺斯

新制度经济学奠基人之一

People are not stupid. They know how to infer things from what they observe.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

The things we think we know sometimes turn out to be wrong, and the things we think are wrong sometimes turn out to be right.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

The rational expectations hypothesis does not imply that people forecast the future perfectly; it implies that they do not make systematic errors.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

The key to understanding economic fluctuations is to understand how people form expectations.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

People are not stupid. They know how to infer the future from the past.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

The things we do today affect the things that happen tomorrow in ways that are not always obvious.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

The central problem of macroeconomics is to understand how people make decisions over time.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

Expectations are the driving force in economic dynamics.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

The rational expectations hypothesis does not imply that people forecast the future perfectly.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

Economic theory is just a set of instructions for constructing artificial worlds.

托马斯·萨金特

宏观经济与货币政策研究先驱

Contracts are not just about legal enforcement; they are also about shaping relationships and expectations.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

Incomplete contracts are the rule, not the exception, in the real world.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

The allocation of decision rights is a key determinant of organizational performance.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

Ownership matters because it affects incentives and the distribution of power.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

The boundaries of the firm are determined by the trade-off between coordination costs and the benefits of integration.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

The allocation of control rights is a key determinant of economic outcomes.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

Ownership matters because it affects investment incentives.

奥利弗·哈特

合同理论和激励理论研究的先驱

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