「Individuals do not act so as to maximize utilities described in independently-existing functions.」- 詹姆斯·布坎南经典语录

Individuals do not act so as to maximize utilities described in independently-existing functions.

💡 解读：个人行为并非为了最大化独立存在的效用函数。

👤 更多詹姆斯·布坎南经典语录 10句

Constitutional economics is a research program that examines the choice of constraints as opposed to choices within constraints.

詹姆斯·布坎南

Constitutional constraints are the rules that prevent the strong from exploiting the weak.

詹姆斯·布坎南

The market is not a substitute for self-government.

詹姆斯·布坎南

The bridge between the purely economic and the purely political is the theory of public choice.

詹姆斯·布坎南

Constitutional constraints are the rules that allow us to live together in peace.

詹姆斯·布坎南

Individuals do not act so as to maximize the social welfare.

詹姆斯·布坎南

The bureaucrat’s utility function includes the size of his budget as an argument.

詹姆斯·布坎南

Politics without romance is the art of the possible.

詹姆斯·布坎南

The idealized role of the economist is to clarify the alternatives that confront society, not to make the choices for society.

詹姆斯·布坎南

The bridge between the individual and the collective is constructed from the materials of mutual agreement.

詹姆斯·布坎南

李娟

但愿同入梦。

琼瑶

悲伤就是知识

拜伦

表面看起来糟糕的事，本质上却往往并非如此。

塞涅卡

我绝不坚信这个时代没有放之四海而皆准的正义和良善的价值观，它们不仅仅有，而且不是朝令夕改流动无常的，它们是稳定而永恒的。

亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴

我们根本没想到要怀疑或轻视“历史的启示”；历史就是我们的一切。

恩格斯

奇花与丽日争妍，翠竹共青天斗碧。

吴承恩

大家礼义教子弟，小家凶恶训儿郎。

周希陶

人人为我，我为人人。

列宁

真理就是自由人的祖国。真理不存在于丑化了的现实里。生命的第一个行动就是创造的行动。在争论中是不分高贵卑鄙，也不管称号姓氏的，重要的只是真理，在它面前人人平等。

罗曼·罗兰

40句相邻名言

A crisis is a terrible thing to waste.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

The most important human invention is the method of invention itself.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

Ideas are the critical input in production, and people are the critical input into the production of ideas.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

The key to sustained economic growth is not the accumulation of physical capital, but the accumulation of knowledge.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

Ideas are the critical input in the production of more valuable human and nonhuman resources.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

The challenge is to create institutions that align private incentives with the social value of knowledge.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

Technology is the set of instructions that we use to rearrange the physical world to create value.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

The key to growth is not the accumulation of physical capital, but the expansion of knowledge.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

The most important ideas are those that allow us to use existing resources in new and more productive ways.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

Technological change is not exogenous; it is the result of deliberate actions taken by people who respond to market incentives.

保罗·罗默

内生增长理论开创者

Politics without romance is the art of the possible.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The bridge between the individual and the collective is constructed from the materials of mutual agreement.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The idealized role of the economist is to clarify the alternatives that confront society, not to make the choices for society.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The state is not a philanthropic institution; it is an organization of coercion.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

Constitutional constraints are the rules that prevent the strong from exploiting the weak.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The bridge between the purely economic and the purely political is the theory of public choice.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

Individuals do not act so as to maximize the social welfare.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

Constitutional economics is a research program that examines the choice of constraints as opposed to choices within constraints.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The market is not a substitute for government, nor is government a substitute for the market.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The market is not a substitute for self-government.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The bureaucrat’s utility function includes the size of his budget as an argument.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

Constitutional constraints are the rules that allow us to live together in peace.

詹姆斯·布坎南

公共选择理论奠基人

The time inconsistency problem in monetary policy arises when policymakers have an incentive to deviate from their announced policy once economic agents have formed expectations.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Business cycles are not merely fluctuations around a deterministic trend; they represent shifts in the trend itself.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

The key to understanding economic fluctuations lies in the interaction between technology shocks and the decisions of households and firms.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Optimal fiscal policy requires that tax rates be smooth over time, responding only to permanent changes in government spending.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

The time inconsistency problem in monetary policy arises when policymakers have an incentive to deviate from their announced policy once economic agents have acted on it.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Business cycles are not, as once thought, merely fluctuations around a stable trend, but rather reflect deeper structural changes in the economy.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

The key to understanding economic fluctuations lies in the interaction between technology shocks and the time it takes to build new capital.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Optimal fiscal policy should be designed to mitigate the distortions caused by time inconsistency and political business cycles.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Rules rather than discretion in economic policy can help avoid the pitfalls of short-term political pressures.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Business cycles are not merely fluctuations around some smooth trend, but are instead the result of fundamental shocks to the economy.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Optimal fiscal policy requires that taxes be smooth over time, as abrupt changes can distort economic decisions.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

Monetary policy rules should be designed to avoid the pitfalls of discretionary policy, which often leads to time inconsistency.

芬恩·基德兰德

经济周期与货币理论研究的先驱

The welfare cost of business cycles is not the cycles themselves but the inability of individuals to smooth consumption over time.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

Technology shocks are the primary source of economic fluctuations.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

The key to understanding business cycles is to recognize that they are equilibrium responses to real shocks.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

Monetary policy can be destabilizing if it is not conducted in a time-consistent manner.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

The Great Depression was not a failure of capitalism but a failure of government policy.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

The welfare cost of business cycles is not the business cycle itself, but the fact that people are risk averse.

爱德华·普雷斯科特

经济周期与政策时间不一致性研究

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